{"id":720,"date":"2024-02-09T08:10:11","date_gmt":"2024-02-09T08:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/?page_id=720"},"modified":"2025-02-01T09:53:39","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T09:53:39","slug":"chronological-points-of-reference","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/chronological-points-of-reference\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronological points of reference"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"720\" class=\"elementor elementor-720\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"aux-parallax-section elementor-element elementor-element-f7cbae3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f7cbae3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a23cc2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a23cc2\" data-element_type=\"container\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dc76c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6dc76c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1236\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/11\/Chronological-points-of-reference.png\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-1275\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"aux-parallax-section elementor-element elementor-element-0347bfa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0347bfa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f6008e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f6008e\" data-element_type=\"container\" 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\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6da3d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a6da3d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thedtic.gov.za\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/01\/sbar-3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-146\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c3ef02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5c3ef02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/g20.org.za\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/01\/G20-Logo.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2120\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58f952a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"58f952a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.southafrica.net\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"479\" height=\"238\" src=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2024\/01\/sbar-7.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-149\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f9f96a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f9f96a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c33898 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c33898\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"col-main\"><div id=\"col-main-content\"><div class=\"item-page\"><div><p><strong>3 million years ago:<\/strong> Presence of Hominidae in the Transvaal<\/p><p><strong>300.000-200.000 years ago:<\/strong> Presence of the Khoisan Civilization in Cape Town and the Drakensberg<\/p><p><strong>3 centuries AD:<\/strong> Bantu peoples progressively settle in the north<\/p><p><strong>1488:<\/strong> Bartholomew Dias lands at the Cape of Good Hope<\/p><p><strong>1652:<\/strong> Arrival of Jan van Riebeeck; First European settlements<\/p><p><strong>1681:<\/strong> First slaves from Asia and Madagascar<\/p><p><strong>1687-1690:<\/strong> Arrival of the French Huguenots<\/p><p><strong>1795:<\/strong> Annexation of Cape Town by the British<\/p><p><strong>1802:<\/strong> France and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Amiens. The Cape Town settlement is given back to the Dutch<\/p><p><strong>1806:<\/strong> The British occupy Cape Town again<\/p><p><strong>1815:<\/strong> Shaka becomes King of the Zulus<\/p><p><strong>1833:<\/strong> Defeat of the Zulu army at the battle of Blood River<\/p><p><strong>1834:<\/strong> Beginning of the \u201cGreat Trek\u201d from Cape Town<\/p><p><strong>1852-53:<\/strong> The Boers found the Republics of Transvaal and Free State of Orange<\/p><p><strong>1867:<\/strong> First diamonds discovered<\/p><p><strong>1880:<\/strong> First Anglo-Boer war. The Imperial Prince, son of Napoleon 3rd and Empress Eugenie, fights on the British side<\/p><p><strong>1886:<\/strong> Discovery of the Wiwatersrand gold mines. Foundation of Johannesburg<\/p><p><strong>1893-1914:<\/strong> Presence of the Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa<\/p><p><strong>1899-1902:<\/strong> Second Anglo-Boer war. Victory of the British (the Transvaal and Free State of Orange become British colonies)<\/p><p><strong>1900:<\/strong> Paul Kruger tours Europe; President Emile Loubert receives him at the Elys\u00e9e<\/p><p><strong>1905-1906:<\/strong> Rebellion of Zulu Chief Bambatha in Natal, violently repressed<\/p><p><strong>1910:<\/strong> Creation of the South African Union, under British dominion<\/p><p><strong>1912:<\/strong> Foundation of the African National Congress (ANC)<\/p><p><strong>1914:<\/strong> Foundation of the Afrikaner National Party (NP) by JB Hertzog<\/p><p><strong>1930:<\/strong> Women obtain the right to vote<\/p><p><strong>1931:<\/strong> The South African Union becomes an independent dominion<\/p><p><strong>1948:<\/strong> Victory of the National Party. Instauration of the apartheid regime<\/p><p><strong>1951:<\/strong> Max Theiler is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his work on yellow fever<\/p><p><strong>1952:<\/strong> Civil disobedience campaign<\/p><p><strong>1955:<\/strong> Upon the initiative of the ANC, adoption of the Freedom Charter by 3.000 delegates from opposition parties<\/p><p><strong>1959:<\/strong> Foundation of the Pan African Congress (PAC) by ANC dissidents<\/p><p><strong>1960:<\/strong> Demonstrations against the \u201cpass\u201d system. Sharpeville Massacre. A state of emergency is declared and African Organisations, including the ANC and PAC, are dissolved. Albert Luthuli, Chairman of the ANC, is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize<\/p><p><strong>1961:<\/strong> South Africa leaves the Commonwealth and becomes a Republic<\/p><p><strong>1964:<\/strong> Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki, Walter Sisulu and Dennis Goldberg are sentenced to life imprisonment<\/p><p><strong>1976:<\/strong> Beginning of the Soweto Riots (16 June)<\/p><p><strong>1977:<\/strong> Steve Biko is arrested. The UN Security Council imposes an embargo on weapons<\/p><p><strong>1984:<\/strong> The Archbishop of Cape Town, Mgr Desmond Tutu, receives the Nobel Peace Prize<\/p><p><strong>1986:<\/strong> The US Congress imposes sanctions against South Africa. Legislation on passes is abrogated. A state of emergency is declared in the country. Thousands of people are placed in custody, the press is censored. Several apartheid Acts are abrogated<\/p><p><strong>1989:<\/strong> Unofficial negotiations between the Government and the ANC. Political prisoners are released, including Walter Sisulu. Public spaces are desegregated. Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela meet for the first time (13 December)<\/p><p><strong>February 1990:<\/strong> Frederik de Klerk gives an address laying the foundations of the political transition. Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners are released (11 February) and liberation movements are authorized again<\/p><p><strong>1991:<\/strong> Official abolition of apartheid. Nadine Gordimer is given the Nobel Prize in Literature<\/p><p><strong>1992:<\/strong> Victory for the \u201cYes\u201d side in the (whites-only) referendum on whether the negotiations should continue<\/p><p><strong>1993:<\/strong> Creation of a Government of National Unity. Mandela and de Klerk receive the Nobel Peace Prize. The UN and Europe lift sanctions. Frederik de Klerk announces the destruction of the nuclear weapons stock<\/p><p><strong>April 1994:<\/strong> The Interim Constitution comes into force. The first multiracial elections are held. Nelson Mandela is elected as the first President of the Republic of South Africa (10 May)<\/p><p><strong>May-June 1994:<\/strong> South Africa joins the AUO, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Commonwealth. The UN Security Council lifts its embargo on weapons<\/p><p><strong>1995:<\/strong> Beginning of the hearings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)<\/p><p><strong>1996:<\/strong> Nelson Mandela signs the permanent Constitution<\/p><p><strong>1997:<\/strong> Entry into force of the new Constitution. Thabo Mbeki takes over from Nelson Mandela as the Head of the ANC<\/p><p><strong>July 2002:<\/strong> In Durban, the AUO becomes the African Union (AU)<\/p><p><strong>March 2003:<\/strong> The TRC reports back to President Mbeki. John Maxwell Coetzee is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature<\/p><p><strong>March 2004:<\/strong> South Africa is chosen to be the host of the Pan-African Parliament<\/p><p><strong>April 2004:<\/strong> Third General Election. President Thabo Mbeki is re-elected<\/p><p><strong>November 2004:<\/strong> State Visit of President Mbeki to France<\/p><p><strong>16 October 2006:<\/strong> South Africa is elected as a Non-permanent Member of the UN Security Council<\/p><p><strong>October 2007:<\/strong> The Springboks win the Rugby World Cup in France<\/p><p><strong>February 2008:<\/strong> State Visit by French President Nicolas Sarkozyuth to South Africa<\/p><p><strong>September 2008:<\/strong> Resignation of President Mbeki<\/p><p><strong>6 May 2009:<\/strong> Jacob Zuma is elected as the new President of South Africa<\/p><p><strong>June-July 2010:<\/strong> South Africa hosts the FIFA Soccer World Cup<\/p><p><strong>12 October 2010:<\/strong> South Africa is elected, for the second time in less than 10 years, as a Non-permanent Member of the UN Security Council for 2011-2012<\/p><p><strong>24 December 2010:<\/strong> South Africa joins the BRIC group of emerging countries which become the BRICS<\/p><p><strong>2-3 March 2011:<\/strong> President Zuma pays a State visit to France<\/p><p><strong>January 2012:<\/strong> The ANC celebrates its 100th anniversary<\/p><p><strong>15 July 2012:<\/strong> Mrs Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, former Minister of Foreign Affairs, becomes the chair of the African Union commission<\/p><p><strong>2012-2013:<\/strong> Cross Cultural seasons France-South Africa<\/p><p><strong>November 2013:<\/strong> President Hollande on a State visit to South Africa<\/p><p><strong>5 December 2013:<\/strong> Former president and father of the nation Nelson Mandela passes away<\/p><p><strong>April 2014:<\/strong> General elections. South Africa celebrates its 20 years of democracy<\/p><p><strong>2015:<\/strong> South Africa celebrates the 60th Anniversary of the Freedom Charter<\/p><p><strong>2016:<\/strong> The 40th Anniversary of the 16 June 1976 Soweto Student Uprising is celebrated, along with the 20th Anniversary of the signing of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996.<\/p><p><strong>2018:<\/strong> Cyril Ramaphosa elected president by Parliament on 15 February after his predecessor, Jacob Zuma, resigned<\/p><p><strong>8 May 2019:<\/strong> General elections. The ANC holds a majority in parliament,<\/p><p><strong>25 May 2019:<\/strong> Cyril Ramaphosa inaugurated as the sixth democratically elected President of South Africa.<\/p><p><strong>25 August 2019:<\/strong> President Ramaphosa attends the Summit on the Financing of African Economies in Biarritz<\/p><p><strong>November 2019:<\/strong> South Africa crowned world champion in the final of the Rugby World Cup in Japan.<\/p><p><strong>5 March 2020:<\/strong> President Ramaphosa declares a national state of disaster, on 23 March, a 21-day national lockdown is announced, starting on 27 March 2020.<\/p><p><strong>28-29 May 2021:<\/strong> President Macron on an official visit in South Africa<\/p><p><strong>26 December 2021:<\/strong> Desmond Tutu, 90, South African Anglican Bishop and anti-apartheid activist passes away<\/p><p><strong>2 January 2022:<\/strong> A major fire breaks out at the parliamentary complex in Cape Town.<\/p><p><strong>8\u201312 April 2022:<\/strong> Severe floods across KwaZulu-Natal leave at least 435 people dead.<\/p><p><strong>28 October 2023:<\/strong> Rugby World Cup: South Africa wins a record fourth Webb Ellis Cup<\/p><p><strong>29 December 2023:<\/strong> South Africa files the case South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention) against Israel at World Court.<\/p><p><strong>29 May \u2013 2024:<\/strong> South African general election.<\/p><p><strong>14 June 2024:<\/strong> Cyril Ramaphosa is re-elected as President of South Africa for a second term.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d0c1e5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7d0c1e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1cbc2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"c1cbc2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"container\" data-elementor-id=\"735\" class=\"elementor elementor-735\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"aux-parallax-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e44e6c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2e44e6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2232798 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2232798\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e04686 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e04686\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In this section<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f27d5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f27d5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41d887b elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-page-list\" data-id=\"41d887b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-page-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-items \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-335136f ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/south-africa-in-brief\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">South Africa in Brief<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-508484a ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/map\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Map<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-f878a7b ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/chronological-points-of-reference\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Chronological points of reference<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2aa61a elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"b2aa61a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"454\" class=\"elementor elementor-454\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9085b2a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9085b2a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dbe71f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4dbe71f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Media Centre<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f7735a elementor-widget elementor-widget-aux_recent_posts\" data-id=\"0f7735a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"aux_recent_posts.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"widget-container aux-widget-recent-posts aux-parent-aud2b2269a\"><div data-element-id=\"aud2b2269a\" class=\"aux-match-height aux-row aux-de-col1 aux-tb-col1 aux-mb-col1 aux-total-3 aux-no-meta aux-ajax-view  \"><div class=\"aux-col post-2586\">\n                        <article class=\"post column-entry post-2586 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-embassy-news\">\n                                                        <div class=\"entry-media\"><div class=\"aux-media-frame aux-media-image aux-image-mask\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/10\/03\/south-africa-mourns-the-untimely-passing-of-ambassador-nkosinathi-mthethwa\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/10\/images.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"183\" height=\"275\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n                            \n                            <div class=\"entry-main\">\n                                                        \n                                <header class=\"entry-header\">\n                                \n                                    <h4 class=\"entry-title\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/10\/03\/south-africa-mourns-the-untimely-passing-of-ambassador-nkosinathi-mthethwa\/\">\n                                            South Africa mourns the untimely passing of Ambassador Nkosinathi Mthethwa                                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/h4>\n                                                                    <div class=\"entry-format\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/10\/03\/south-africa-mourns-the-untimely-passing-of-ambassador-nkosinathi-mthethwa\/\">\n                                            <div class=\"post-format format-\"> <\/div>\n                                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/header>\n                                                            \n                                <div class=\"entry-info\">\n                                                                    <div class=\"entry-date\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/10\/03\/south-africa-mourns-the-untimely-passing-of-ambassador-nkosinathi-mthethwa\/\">\n                                            <time datetime=\"2025-10-03T09:44:36+02:00\" title=\"2025-10-03T09:44:36+02:00\" >October 3, 2025<\/time>\n                                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                                                                                                    <span class=\"entry-tax \">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/category\/embassy-news\/\" title=\"View all posts in Embassy News\" rel=\"category\" >Embassy News<\/a>                                    <\/span>\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\n                            \n                                                        \n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/article>\n<\/div><div class=\"aux-col post-2499\">\n                        <article class=\"post column-entry post-2499 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-embassy-news\">\n                                                        <div class=\"entry-media\"><div class=\"aux-media-frame aux-media-image aux-image-mask\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/06\/23\/pprofessor-priscilla-baker-of-the-university-of-western-cape-uwc-is-among-the-five-winners-of-this-years-loreal-unesco-for-women-in-science-international-awards\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/P.Baker_-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"183\" height=\"103\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n                            \n                            <div class=\"entry-main\">\n                                                        \n                                <header class=\"entry-header\">\n                                \n                                    <h4 class=\"entry-title\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/06\/23\/pprofessor-priscilla-baker-of-the-university-of-western-cape-uwc-is-among-the-five-winners-of-this-years-loreal-unesco-for-women-in-science-international-awards\/\">\n                                            PPROFESSOR PRISCILLA BAKER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN CAPE (UWC) IS AMONG THE FIVE WINNERS OF THIS YEAR\u2019S L\u2019OREAL-UNESCO FOR WOMEN IN SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL AWARDS.                                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/h4>\n                                                                    <div class=\"entry-format\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/06\/23\/pprofessor-priscilla-baker-of-the-university-of-western-cape-uwc-is-among-the-five-winners-of-this-years-loreal-unesco-for-women-in-science-international-awards\/\">\n                                            <div class=\"post-format format-\"> <\/div>\n                                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/header>\n                                                            \n                                <div class=\"entry-info\">\n                                                                    <div class=\"entry-date\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/06\/23\/pprofessor-priscilla-baker-of-the-university-of-western-cape-uwc-is-among-the-five-winners-of-this-years-loreal-unesco-for-women-in-science-international-awards\/\">\n                                            <time datetime=\"2025-06-23T14:50:09+02:00\" title=\"2025-06-23T14:50:09+02:00\" >June 23, 2025<\/time>\n                                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                                                                                                    <span class=\"entry-tax \">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/category\/embassy-news\/\" title=\"View all posts in Embassy News\" rel=\"category\" >Embassy News<\/a>                                    <\/span>\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\n                            \n                                                        \n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/article>\n<\/div><div class=\"aux-col post-2190\">\n                        <article class=\"post column-entry post-2190 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-embassy-news\">\n                                                        <div class=\"entry-media\"><div class=\"aux-media-frame aux-media-image aux-image-mask\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/02\/06\/president-cyril-ramaphosa-delivered-the-state-of-the-nation-address-sona\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2191 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/02\/SONA.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1393\" height=\"348\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n                            \n                            <div class=\"entry-main\">\n                                                        \n                                <header class=\"entry-header\">\n                                \n                                    <h4 class=\"entry-title\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/02\/06\/president-cyril-ramaphosa-delivered-the-state-of-the-nation-address-sona\/\">\n                                            President Cyril Ramaphosa delivered the State of the Nation Address (SoNA)                                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/h4>\n                                                                    <div class=\"entry-format\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/02\/06\/president-cyril-ramaphosa-delivered-the-state-of-the-nation-address-sona\/\">\n                                            <div class=\"post-format format-\"> <\/div>\n                                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/header>\n                                                            \n                                <div class=\"entry-info\">\n                                                                    <div class=\"entry-date\">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/2025\/02\/06\/president-cyril-ramaphosa-delivered-the-state-of-the-nation-address-sona\/\">\n                                            <time datetime=\"2025-02-06T21:31:17+02:00\" title=\"2025-02-06T21:31:17+02:00\" >February 6, 2025<\/time>\n                                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                                                                                                    <span class=\"entry-tax \">\n                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/category\/embassy-news\/\" title=\"View all posts in Embassy News\" rel=\"category\" >Embassy News<\/a>                                    <\/span>\n                                                                                                                                            <\/div>\n                            \n                                                        \n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/article>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section><!-- widget-container -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home 3 million years ago: Presence of Hominidae in the Transvaal 300.000-200.000 years ago: Presence of the Khoisan Civilization in Cape Town and the Drakensberg 3 centuries AD: Bantu peoples progressively settle in the north 1488: Bartholomew Dias lands at the Cape of Good Hope 1652: Arrival of Jan van Riebeeck; First European settlements 1681: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-720","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chronological points of reference - South African Embassy Paris, France<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dirco.gov.za\/paris\/chronological-points-of-reference\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chronological points of reference\" \/>\n<meta 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